Transformation of IT Education in the Digital Economy: From an Instrumental Model to an Ecosystem Approach

This article examines the transformation of the educational process for training IT specialists under the influence of the demands of the digital economy. The author analyzes the transition from the classic «instrumental» learning model to an ecosystem-based one based on the integration of cloud technologies, containerization environments, and artificial intelligence. Particular attention is paid to the methodological contradictions between the speed of technological innovation and the inertia of educational standards. A three-tier model for implementing digital tools (basic, project-simulation, and research) is proposed, tested in experimental training. The results present quantitative indicators of the growth of meta-subject competencies and qualitative changes in the structure of students' project-based activities. Promising areas for the development of pedagogical design in IT education are outlined, including the use of LLM agents as teaching assistants, and the key economic costs of this process.

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